Health and Imaging

Riza’s interest in optics for health and imaging goes back to his 1989 General Electric (GE) days with the development of the simplest control liquid crystal electronic lens motivated by vision applications. In 1995, Riza’s group introduced the use of optics for phased array ultrasound controls including the concept of intracavity imaging using optical wavelength-to-image space mapping using a single optical fiber probe and wavelength coding of the spatial array space. Since 1995, the group has also proposed several world first novel optical imaging systems such as in 2001 with the first Digital Micromirror Device (DMD)-based agile pixel imager using a point photo-detector (2002 Applied Optics) (often called single pixel imager), in 2002 with the first acousto-optics-based Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) system (Applied Optics 2003),  and in 1999 with a first wavelength coded optical imager with transmit/receive (T/R) optical amplification and agile wavelength switching & gain controls with tunable or broadband light sources for wavelength-to-space 1-D, 2-D and 3-D W-MOS (Wavelength Multiplexed Optical Scanner) sensing and endoscopy, as well as optical energy delivery for ablation, cutting/surgery (IEEE 1999). The WMOS imager or spectrally encoded optical imager was also extended by Riza in 2000 (SPIE 2000) to the Interferometric WMOS or I-WMOS imager design for higher sensitivity imaging including 3-D imaging where depth information can be discriminated using variable phase/optical delay control in the interferometer reference arm (SPIE 2000, IEEE 2002, Agile High Sensitivity Optical Sensor, US Pat. Appl. 2003 ). The Riza lab wavelength coded imaging techniques have been extended by others using optical wavelength to time sequential mapping via fiber dispersion (also called time stretch) to form the STEAM ultrafast imager (AIP 2008). In addition, the Riza lab spectrally encoded imager design including the high sensitivity I-WMOS or interferometric spectral imager invention (SPIE 2000) have been extended and demonstrated for numerous successful medical imaging applications including medical endoscopes such as by leading medical schools (e.g., Harvard Univ.).

Riza is also a pioneer in the use of the Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) to design a variety of high speed programmable broadband spectrum operation optical interferometers. In 1997 (SPIE Proc. 3160, 1997), Riza proposed the use of programmed gratings on the DMD to spatially steer light. In 2009,  Riza proposed the design of a variety of DMD-based wavefront splitting interferometers such as the classic Young’s Double slit interferometer with programmable slit sizes and slit gaps (N. A. Riza, “Agile optical image sensing, control, and measurement modules,” USA Patent Application No.61/258,344, 2009; also see 2009 patent appl. Design figures in SPIE Proc. 9896, 2016; later experimentally demonstrated this system in SPIE 2016) and a compact symmetric paths multi-channel Michelson-style programmable wavefront interferometer (also in 2009 US Patent Appl. and SPIE Proc.9896, 2016). Later several other labs have independently used the 2009 proposed Riza DMD-based Young’s double slit interferometer design to conduct a variety of spatial coherence measurements for light sources (see 2014 Opt Lett., 2017 Opt. Express, 2021 Optik, JOSAA 2022).

Other pioneering works include Agile Ultrasound Modulated Optical Tomography Techniques using Smart Fiber-Optics (SPIE 2004), Angstrom sensitivity high speed scanning interferometric imagers (AIP 1996), fiber-based scanning imaging endoscopes (SPIE 2000), confocal programmable spectral microscopes (AIP 2005), and world first Electronically controlled Variable Focal Length Lens (ECVFL) or E-lens based agile no-moving parts microscopes (SPIE 2004), endoscopes (OSA 2002) and human vision testers (GE 1990).

A more recent world first is the invention of the Optical Array Device based agile pixel full spectrum (UV-SWIR) imager (e.g., using the DMD and/or LED array) to form the Active-Passive mode Coded Access Optical Sensor (CAOS) camera for extreme linear dynamic range smart imaging (JEOS 2015). The CAOS camera set a world record of 177 dB linear dynamic range (IEEE 2019) and is uniquely designed on the principles of time-frequency RF coding deployed in multi-access RF wireless phone networks. Such a design inherent provides extreme noise suppression and linearity via RF coding and frequency (Hz) domain filtering (e.g., via DSP methods). One CAOS design features a triple coding feature (Applied Optics 2021) use space-frequency-code manipulations giving a world first extreme embedded security camera. The smart CAOS camera features the hybrid CAOS-CMOS/CCD/FPA mode delivering a novel Pixels of Interest (POI) extreme linear dynamic range camera that combines the best features of CAOS with classic CMOS/CCD/FPA multi-pixel sensors (OSA 2016). Calibrated white light color imaging comparing the CAOS and CMOS cameras has also been conducted proposing how the CAOS camera can overcome the limitations of a CMOS camera when viewing a high linear dynamic range color image (MDPI 2021). The Riza lab in 2019 also pioneered a novel calibration-based minimalistic multi-exposure digital sensor camera robust linear high dynamic range enhancement technique that can be applied to all classic CMOS/CCD/FPA multi-pixel cameras (IS&T & Elsevier 2021).

Phased Array Ultrasound Controls using Optics

Journal Publications:

  1. N. A. Riza and M. M. K. Howlader., “Acousto-optic System for the Generation and Control of Tunable Low Frequency Signals,” Optical Engineering, Vol.35, No.4, pp. 920-925 April, 1996.
  2. N. A. Riza and M. M. K. Howlader., “Narrowband Ultrasonic Phased Array Control using a Photonic Beamformer,”Ultrasonics, Vol.34, No.1, March, pp. 9-18 1996.
  3. N. A. Riza, Photonic Signal Processing for Biomedical and Industrial Ultrasonic Probes,” OSA Optics & Photonics News, Optics in 1996 Special Issue,Vol.7, No.12, pp.22-23, Dec., 1996
  4. N. A. Riza, “High Speed Tunable Bandwidth Ultrasonic Array Beam Steering using Ultra-Compact Photonics,” Ultrasonics, Vol.36, pp.21-24, 1998.

Conference Publications:

  1. N. A. Riza, “Optical Beamforming for Ultrasonic Phased Arrays,” IEEE LEOS Annual Meeting Proceedings, EOS 4.1, Nov., 1995
  2. N. A. Riza, “Wavelength Switched Fiber-Optically Controlled Ultrasonic Intracavity Probes,” IEEE LEOS Ann. Mtg. Digest, pp.31-36, Boston, 1996.
  3. N. A. Riza, “Photonically Controlled Ultrasonic Arrays: Scenarios And Systems,” IEEE International Ultrasonics Symp. Digest, pp.1545-1550, San Antonio, 1996.
  4. N. A. Riza, “ High Speed Tunable Bandwidth Ultrasonic Array Beam Steering using Ultra-Compact Photonics,” Ultrasonics International, Delft, The Netherlands, July 1997.
  5. N. A. Riza and A. Bokhari, “Agile Ultrasound Modulated Optical Tomography Techniques using Smart Fiber-Optics,” in Photons Plus Ultrasound: Imaging and Sensing,, BIOS 2004 Biomedical Optics, Photonics West, Proc. SPIE Vol. 5320, Paper No. 25, January 2004, San Jose, California, USA.

Variable Focus Lens (E-lens) Optical Microscopy, Scanning (Agile) Interferometry and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)

Journal Publications:

  1. N. A. Riza, “Scanning heterodyne optical interferometers,” Review of Scientific Instruments, American Institute of Physics Journal, Vol.67, pp.2466-2476 7, July 1996.
  2. N. A. Riza and Z. Yaqoob, “ Sub-microsecond speed optical coherence tomography system design and analysis using acousto-optics, Applied Optics, OT, Vol.42, No.16, 1 June 2003.
  3. N. A. Riza and M.A. Arain, “Angstrom-range optical path-length measurement with a high-speed scanning heterodyne optical interferometer,” Applied Optics, OT, Vo.42, No.13, pp.2341-2345, 1 May 2003.
  4. N. A. Riza and Z. Yaqoob, ” Agile Interferometry: A Non-Traditional Approach”, Optics Communications, Vol.241, Issues 4-6, pp.419-428, 16 Nov. 2004.
  5. N. A. Riza, M. Bakker, A. Bokhari, “ Programmable Spectral Interferometric Microscopy,” AIP Rev. Scientific Instru., Vol.76, 033107, 1 March on-line date, 2005.
  6. N. A. Riza and M. A. Arain, “Precision polarization multiplexed heterodyne acousto-optic interferometric sensor,” Optical Engineering, Vol.44, No.5, pp. 054401-5, May 2005.
  7. M. A. Arain and N. A. Riza, “Fiber Coupled in-line heterodyne optical interferometer for minimally invasive sensing,” IEEE/OSA Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol.23, No.8, pp.2449-2454, August 2005.
  8. S. A. Khan and N. A. Riza, “Demonstration of a No-Moving-Parts Axial Scanning Confocal Microscope Using Liquid Crystal Optics,” Optics Communications, Vol.265, No.2, pp.461-467, appeared on-line 5 May, 2006.
  9. N. A. Riza, M. A. Arain, F. N. Ghauri, “Self Calibrating Hybrid Wavelength, Polarization, and Time Multiplexed Heterodyne Interferometers for Angstrom Precision Measurements” Optical Engineering, Dec. 2006.
  10. N. A. Riza, M. Sheikh, F. Perez, “Optical Substrate Thickness Measurement System using Hybrid Fiber-Freespace Optics and Selective Wavelength Interferometry,” Optics Communications, appeared on-line 17 August, 2006.
  11. N. A. Riza, M. Sheikh, G. Webb-Wood, and P. G. Kik, “Demonstration of three-dimensional optical imaging using a confocal microscope based on a liquid-crystal electronic lens,” Optical Engineering Journal, Vol. 47, No.6, pp.063201-1 to 063201-9, June 2008.

Conference Publications:

  1. N. A. Riza, “In-Line Acousto-Optic Architectures for Holographic Interferometry and Sensing,” OSA Topical Meeting on Holography Digest, pp.13-16, Boston, May, 1996.
  2. N. A. Riza, “Reflection and transmission mode scanning heterodyne interferometers for scientific and industrial applications,” OSA Ann. Meeting, Symp. on Optical Instrumentation for Genetic Sequencing , Paper MPP2, Oct.,21, Rochester, 1996.
  3. N. A. Riza and Z. Yaqoob, “High speed no moving parts optical coherence tomography system,” European Biomedical Optics Week – EBiOS 2000, paper 4160-08, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, July 2000.
  4. N. A. Riza and Z. Yaqoob, “Sub-microsecond Speed Optical Coherence Tomography System Design and Analysis Using Acousto-Optics,” Coherence Domain Optical Methods in Biomedical Science and Clinical Applications VI, BiOS 2002, Photonics West, SPIE Proc. Vol. 4619, paper 07, 19-25 January 2002, San Jose, California, USA.
  5. N. A. Riza and M. A. Arain, “Sub-micron range thickness measurements using a novel scanning heterodyne optical interferometer,” The 1st IEEE International Conference on Sensors, IEEE Sensors 2002, Paper No. 25.2, June 12-14, 2002, Hyatt Orlando, Kissimmee, Florida USA.
  6. N. A. Riza and M. A. Arain, “Angstrom sensitivity polarization multiplexed heterodyne acousto-optic interferometric sensor,” The 3rd IEEE International Conference on Sensors, IEEE Sensors 2004, Paper No. W1P-P, Oct.27, 2004, Vienna, Austria.
  7. N. A. Riza and A. Bokhari, “Agile Optical Confocal Microscopy Instrument Architectures For High Flexibility Imaging,” in Three Dimensional Confocal Microscopies, BIOS 2004 Biomedical Optics, Photonics West, Proc. SPIE Vol. 5324, Paper No. 14, January 2004, San Jose, California, USA.
  8. S. A. Khan and N. A. Riza, Confocal microscopy based agile optical endoscope using liquid crystals, IEEE LEOS BioPhotonics Topical Meeting, paper MA4.2, San Diego June 28, 2004.
  9. N. A. Riza, M. A. Arain, and Z. Yaqoob, “Ultrafast optical tomography systems using coherence agility,” in Coherence Domain Optical Methods and Optical Coherence Tomography in Biomedicine VIII, BIOS 2004 Biomedical Optics, Photonics West, Proc. SPIE Vol. 5316, Paper No. 59, 24-29 January 2004, San Jose, California, USA.
  10. M. A. Arain and N. A. Riza, “Self Calibrating Wavelength Multiplexed Heterodyne Interferometer for Angstrom Precision Measurements,” Proceedings of SPIE, Vol. 5814, Paper No. 5814-19, Enabling Photonics Technologies for Defense, Security, and Aerospace Applications, in Defense and Security Symposium 2005, Orlando, Florida, USA , March 28-April 01, 2005.
  11. N. A. Riza, M. Bakker, A. Bokhari, F. Perez, “Spectral Agile Interferometric Birefringence Microscopy Instrument,” EOS Topical Meeting on Optical Imaging, Imperial College, London June 2005..
  12. N. A. Riza, M. Sheikh, G. Webb-Wood, and P. Kik, “Demonstration of Three Dimensional Imaging of Blood Vessel using a No-Moving Parts Electronic Lens-based Optical Confocal Microscope,” Conference MI03: Physics of Medical Imaging, SPIE Medical Imaging, San Diego, Feb. 2007.
  13. N. A. Riza, S. A. Khan and M. A. Sheikh, “Non-Contact No-Moving Parts Surface Height Measurement Sensor using Liquid Crystal-based Axial Scanning Confocal Optical Microscopy,” Proceedings of SPIE, Vol. 6572, Paper No. 6572-25, Enabling Photonics Technologies for Defense, Security, and Aerospace Applications, in Defense and Security Symposium 2007, Orlando, Florida, USA , April 10, 2007.
  14. M. Sheikh and N. A. Riza, “Blood Vessel 3-D Imaging Using Electronically Controlled Optics Lens-Based Confocal Microscopy,” OSA Topical Meeting on Biomedical Optics, Technical Digest, paper no. BTuF64, March 2008.
  15. N. A. Riza and M. Sheikh, “Liquid lens confocal microscopy with advanced signal processing for higher resolution 3D imaging,” Conference MI03: Physics of Medical Imaging, SPIE Medical Imaging, Vol.7258, paper No.155, Lake Buena Vista, Florida, Feb. 11, 2009.
  16. Juan Pablo La Torre, M. J. Amin, and N. A. Riza, “Agile wavefront splitting interferometry and imaging using a digital micromirror device,” SPIE Photonics Europe Conf. Proc. On Optics, Photonics and Digital Technologies for Imaging Applications, Vol, 9896, paper No.10, Brussels, April 2016.
  17. N. A. Riza, “Smart Optical Beamforming for Next Generation Wireless Empowered Communications, Power Transfer, Sensing and Displays: Building on the Past,” IEEE ISSC Conference Proc. paper, June 9-10, Cork, Ireland, 2022.

Variable Focus Lenses, Vision Testers and High Linear Dynamic Range Image Processing

Journal Publications:

  1. N. A. Riza and M. C. DeJule, “Three terminal adaptive nematic liquid crystal lens device” Optics Letters, Vol.19, No.14, pp. 1013-15, July, 1994.
  2. N. A. Riza, M. Junaid Amin, and M. N. Riza, “Eye Vision Testing System and Eyewear Using Micromachines,” Journal of Micromachines, Vol. 6.11, 1690-1709, 2015. Open Access on-line Journal.
  3. N. A. Riza, & N. Ashraf, “Calibration-based minimalistic multi-exposure digital sensor camera robust linear high dynamic range enhancement technique demonstration” Elsevier J.of Optics Communications, 486, 126789, 2021.

Conference Publications:

  1. N. A. Riza and M. C. DeJule, “A Novel Programmable Liquid Crystal Lens Device for Adaptive Optical Interconnect and Beamforming Applications,” Optical Computing Int.Conf., Edinburgh, pp.231-234, Aug. 22-25, 1994.
  2. N. A. Riza , “ BOPSCAN Technology: A methodology and implementation of the billion point optical scanner,” in International Optical Design Conference (IODC), SPIE International Society for Optics and Photonics Proc.3482, pp. 572-578, Hawaii, June 1998.
  3. N. A. Riza, M. J. Amin, and Mehdi Riza, “Eye Vision System using Programmable Micro-Optics and Micro-Electronics,” SPIE BIOS International Conf. on Ophthalmic Technologies XXIV, Conf. BO111, Vol. 8930, Paper No.10, San Fran., Feb. 1, 2014.
  4. N. A. Riza, & N. Ashraf, “Calibration empowered minimalistic multi-exposure image processing technique for camera linear dynamic range extension,” IS&T Electronic Imaging Int. Conf., 7, 213-1, 2020.
  5. N. A. Riza, N. Ashraf, M. Mazhar, “Optimizing the CMOS Sensor-Mode for Extreme Linear Dynamic Range MEMS-based CAOS Smart Camera Imaging,” 2020 European Optical Society Annual Meeting, EPJ Web of Conferences, Vol. 238, p. 12007, EDP Sciences, 2020.

Optical Scanning, Agile Pixel Imagers and CAOS Camera

Journal Publications:

  1. S. Sumriddetchkajorn and N. A. Riza, “Micro-Electro-Mechanical System-Based Digitally Controlled Optical Beam Profiler,” Applied Optics-LP, Vol. 41, Issue 18, Page 3506, June 2002.
  2. N. A. Riza and M. A. Arain, “Code multiplexed optical scanner,” Applied Optics, IP, Vo.42, No.8, March 10, 2003.
  3. N. A. Riza and S.A. Khan, “Polarization multiplexed optical scanner,” Optics Letters, Vol.28, No.7, pp.561-163, April 1, 2003.
  4. N. A. Riza and M. A. Arain, “Super Wide Angle Coverage Code Multiplexed Optical Scanner”, Optics Letters, Vol.29, No.9, pp.1004-1006, May 1, 2004.
  5. N. A. Riza and Z. Yaqoob, “Space Multiplexed Optical Scanner “, Applied Optics, Vol.43, No.13, pp.2703-2708, 1 May 2004.
  6. S. A. Khan and N. A. Riza, “Demonstration of 3-dimensional wide angle laser beam scanner using liquid crystals,” Opt. Express 12, 868-882 (2004),
  7. N. A. Riza and M. J. Mughal, “Optical Power Independent Optical Beam Profiler,” Optical Engineering, Vol.43, No.4, pp.793-797, April 2004.
  8. N. A. Riza and D. Jorgesen, “Minimally Invasive Optical Beam Profiler,” Opt. Express 12, 1892-1901 (2004).
  9. N. A. Riza and Farzan N. Ghauri, “Super Resolution Hybrid Analog-Digital Optical Beam Profiler Using Digital Micro-Mirror Device,” IEEE Photon. Tech. Lett., Vol. 17, No.7, pp.1492-94, July 2005.
  10. M. Gentili and N. A. Riza, “Wide Aperture No Moving Parts Optical Beam Profiler Using Liquid Crystal Displays,” Applied Optics, Vol.46, pp.506-512, 2007.
  11. N. A. Riza and S. A. Reza, “Non-Contact Distance Sensor using Spatial Signal Processing,” Optics Letters, Vol.34, No.4, pp.434-436, Feb.15, 2009.
  12. M. Sheikh and N. A. Riza, “Demonstration of Pinhole Laser Beam Profiling using a Digital Micromirror Device,” IEEE Photon. Tech. Lett, Vol.21, May 15, 2009.
  13. M. Sheikh and N. A. Riza, “Motion-Free Hybrid Design Laser Beam Propagation Analyzer using a Digital Micro-mirror Device and a Variable Focus Liquid Lens, Applied Optics, June 2010.
  14. N. A. Riza and S. A. Reza, “Smart Agile Lens Remote Optical Sensor for Three Dimensional Object Shape Measurements,” Applied Optics, Vol. 49, No. 8, March 10, 2010.
  15. N. A. Riza, S. A. Reza and P. J. Marraccini, “ Digital Micro-Mirror Device-based Broadband Optical Image Sensor For Robust Imaging Applications.” Optics Communications, Vol.284, pp.103-111, 2011.
  16. P. J. Marraccini and N. A. Riza, Multimode Laser Beam Analyzer Instrument using Electrically Programmable Optics,” AIP Rev. Scientific Instruments Journal, Vol.82, 123107, 2011.
  17. N. A. Riza, P. J. Marraccini, and Cody Baxley, “ Data Efficient Digital Micromirror Device-Based Image Edge Detection Sensor using Space-Time Processing,” Vol.12, No.5, p.1043-1047, May 2012.
  18. M. J. Amin and N. A. Riza, “Smart laser scanning sampling head design for image acquisition applications,” Applied Optics, Vol.52, No.20, 10 July 2013.
  19. N. A. Riza and M. J. Amin, “Multi-Image Acquisition based Distance Sensor using Agile Laser Spot Beam Targeting,” Applied Optics, Sept. 2014.
  20. M. J. Amin, J. P. La Torre, N. A. Riza, “Embedded Optics and Electronics Single Digital Micromirror Device-based Agile Pixel Broadband Imager and Spectrum Analyser for Laser Beam Hotspot Detection,” Applied Optics, 54, 3547–3559, 2015.
  21. N. A. Riza, M. J. Amin, J. P. La Torre, “Coded Access Optical Sensor (CAOS) Imager,” Journal of the European Optical Society (JEOS) Rapid Publications, April 2015. (open access on-line Journal of EOS www.jeos.org)
  22. M. J. Amin, and N. A. Riza, “Active depth from defocus system using coherent illumination and a no moving parts camera,” Optics Communications , Vol. 359, 135-145, Sept. 2015.
  23. J. Pablo La Torre, M. Junaid Amin, Barry Thompson, and N. A. Riza, “ Optical Shape Sensor using Electronically Controlled Lens,” IEEE Sensors Journal, Vol. xx, pp. , 2016
  24. N. A. Riza, J. P. La Torre, and M. J. Amin, “CAOS-CMOS camera,” OSA Optics Express On-line Journal, 24(12), 13444-13458, 2016.
  25. N. A. Riza and J. Pablo La Torre, “Demonstration of 136 dB dynamic range capability for a simultaneous dual optical band CAOS Camera,” Optics Express, Vol.24, Dec.12, 2016.
  26. N. A. Riza and M. A. Mazhar, “Demonstration of the CDMA-mode CAOS smart camera,” Optics Express, Vol. 25, pp.31906-31920, Dec.11, 2017.
  27. N. A. Riza, M. A. Mazhar, “Laser beam imaging via multiple mode operations of the extreme dynamic range CAOS camera,” Appl. Opt., Vol. 57, No.E20, August 1, 2018.
  28. N. A. Riza and M. A. Mazhar, “177 dB Linear Dynamic Range Pixels of Interest DSLR CAOS Camera,” IEEE Photonics Journal, Volume 11, Number 2, April 2, 2019.
  29. M. A. Mazhar, C. Russell, M. Amiri and N. A. Riza, “CAOS Line Camera,” Applied Optics, Oct.21, 2019.
  30. N. A. Riza and M. A. Mazhar, “Pixels of Interest (POI) empowered higher speed CAOS camera imaging and spectrometry for multi-target applications,” Elsevier J. of Optics Communications, Nov.7, 2019.
  31. N. A. Riza and M. A. Mazhar, “Active-mode CAOS camera demonstration,” IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 32(17), pp.1085-1088, July 2020.
  32. M. A. Mazhar and N. A. Riza, “96 dB Linear High Dynamic Range CAOS Spectrometer Demonstration,” IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, Vol.32, No.23, Nov.16, 2020.
  33. A. Mazhar and N. A. Riza, “CAOS Spectral Imager Design and Advanced High Dynamic Range FDMA-TDMA CAOS Mode,” OSA Applied Optics J., Vol. 60,  Feb. 19, 2021.
  34. N. A. Riza and M. A. Mazhar, “Triple Coding Empowered FDMA-CDMA Mode High Security CAOS Camera,” Applied Optics, Vol. 60, No. 26, pp. 8154-8163, Sep. 10, 2021.
  35. N. A. Riza and N. Ashraf, “First Demonstration of Calibrated Color Imaging by the CAOS Camera,” in MDPI (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute) Photonics J. vol. 8, no. 12, p. 538. 2021. (Open Access Journal)

Conference Publications:

  1. N. A. Riza and M. C. DeJule, “A Novel Programmable Liquid Crystal Lens Device for Adaptive Optical Interconnect and Beamforming Applications,” Optical Computing Int.Conf., Edinburgh, pp.231-234, Aug. 22-25, 1994.
  2. N. A. Riza , “BOPSCAN Technology: A methodology and implementation of the billion point optical scanner,” in International Optical Design Conference(IODC), SPIE International Society for Optics and Photonics Proc.3482, pp. 572-578, Hawaii, June 1998.
  3. N. A. Riza, “MOST: Multiplexed Optical Scanner Technology,” LEOS Annual Meeting, Puerto-Rico, USA, November 2000.
  4. N. A. Riza and M. J. Mughal, “The NU-POWER All-Digital Beam Profiler: A Powerful New Tool for Spatially Characterizing Laser Beams,” SPIE Photonics North Conference, Paper 101-721, May 26-29, Montreal, Canada, 2003.
  5. S. A. Khan and N. A. Riza, “Polarized Multiplexed Optical Scanner,” in IEEE LEOS 15th Annual Meeting, Glasgow, Nov. 2002.
  6. M. A. Arain and N. A. Riza, “Code Multiplexed Optical Scanner,” in IEEE LEOS 15th Annual Meeting, Glasgow, Nov. 2002.
  7. S. A. Khan and N. A. Riza, “High-speed polarization multiplexed optical scanner for three-dimensional scanning applications,” SPIE Conference on Free-Space Laser Communication and Active Laser Illumination III, SPIE Proc. Vol. 5160, No. 26, 5 Aug 2003, San Diego, CA USA.
  8. S. A. Khan and N. A. Riza, “High Speed Coarse-Fine Laser Beam Steering Module for Polarization-Multiplexed Optical Scanner,” IEEE LEOS Ann. Mtgs. Digest, Paper MA3, Oct.27, 2003.
  9. S. A. Khan and N. A. Riza, “Demonstration of 3-Dimensional Wide Angle No-Moving Parts Laser Beam Steering,” SPIE Annual Meeting 2004, Denver, CO, 2-6 August 2004.
  10. S. A. Khan and N. A. Riza, “Demonstration of 3-Dimensional Wide Angle No-Moving Parts Laser Beam Steering,” SPIE 49th Annual Meeting, SPIE Proc. Vol. 5550, Paper No.9, 2 – 6 August 2004, Denver, Colorado.
  11. F. Ghauri and N. A. Riza,, “Reliable Super Resolution Beam Profiler for Lasers in Manufacturing,” CLEO 2005, May 26, Baltimore.
  12. M. Sheikh, P. J. Marraccini and N. A. Riza, “Laser Beam Characterization using Agile Digital-Analog Photonics,” SPIE Conf. on Photonics in the Transportation Industry: Auto to Aerospace III, Editors: A. Kazemi and B. C. Kress, SPIE Defense Security and Sensing, Vol. 7675, No.6, April 2010.
  13. P. J. Marraccini and N. A. Riza, “ Multimode laser beam characterization using agile digital-analog photonics,” Photonic Applications for Aerospace, Transportation, and Harsh Environment II, SPIE Defense, Security, and Sensing Conf. Vol.8026, Paper 11, 25-29 April 2011.
  14. P. J. Marraccini, C. Baxley and N. A. Riza, “ Digital micromirror device-based robust object boundary mapping sensor,” Photonic Applications for Aerospace, Transportation, and Harsh Environment II, SPIE Defense, Security, and Sensing Conf. Vol.8026, Paper 9, 25-29 April 2011.
  15. P. J. Marraccini and N. A. Riza, “High resolution wide dynamic range distance sensor using spatial signal processing,” Photonic Applications for Aerospace, Transportation, and Harsh Environment II, SPIE Defense, Security, and Sensing Conf. Vol.8026, Paper 10, 25-29 April 2011.
  16. N. A. Riza and M. J. Amin, “Smart Underwater Three Dimensional Imaging System Using Agile Spatial Processing,” paper in 3rd European Optical Society (EOS) Conference on Blue Photonics: Optics in the Sea, Netherlands, 18-20 March 2013.
  17. N. A. Riza, “Application intelligence-based Imaging using programmable photonics,” Photonics Ireland Conference Proc., Belfast, Sept. 2013. (Invited Paper)
  18. N. A. Riza, M. J. Amin, “Smart optical writing head design for laser-based manufacturing,” SPIE Photonics West Conference on Laser Applications in Microelectronic and Optoelectronic Manufacturing (LAMOM) XIX, SPIE Vol. 8967, paper No.51, Feb.4, San Francisco, 2014.
  19. M. J. Amin and N. A. Riza, “Smart image sensor using laser targeting: a multiple barcodes application,” SPIE Photonics Europe Conf. Proceedings, Vol.9141, paper No.54, Brussels, April 17, 2014.
  20. Juan Pablo La Torre, M. J. Amin, Michele Magno and N. A. Riza, “An Embedded Smart Agile Pixel Imager For Lasers,” 6th IEEE EDERC (European Embedded Design in Education & Research) Conference Sept., 2014.
  21. Juan Pablo La Torre, M. J. Amin, and N. A. Riza, “Agile wavefront splitting interferometry and imaging using a digital micromirror device,” SPIE Photonics Europe Conf. Proc. On Optics, Photonics and Digital Technologies for Imaging Applications, Vol, 9896, paper No.10, Brussels, April 2016.
  22. M. J. Amin and N. A. Riza, “Motionless active depth from defocus system using smart optics for camera autofocus applications,” SPIE Photonics Europe Conf. Proc. on Optics, Photonics and Digital Technologies for Imaging Applications, Vol, 9896, paper No.22, Brussels, April 2016.
  23. N. A. Riza, “Coded Access Optical Sensor (CAOS) imager and applications,” SPIE Photonics Europe Conf. Proc., on Optics, Photonics and Digital Technologies for Imaging Applications, Vol, 9896, paper No.9, Brussels, April 2016.
  24. N. A. Riza and J. P. La Torre, “CAOS-CMOS multispectral and hyperspectral camera,” OSA Congress on Light, Energy and the Environment, Topical Meeting: Hyperspectral Imaging and Sounding of the Environment (HISE), Paper, Germany, 2016.
  25. N. A. Riza, “The CAOS Camera Platform – Ushering in a Paradigm Change in Extreme Dynamic Range Imager Design,” TI Conference on DMD Technologies and Applications, SPIE OPTO, Vol. 10117, Photonics West, Jan. 30, 2017.(Invited Paper)
  26. N. A. Riza and Mohsin A. Mazhar, “ CAOS smart microscope,” Photonics Ireland Conference Proc., Galway, Ireland, Sept.11, 2017.
  27. N. A. Riza and M. A. Mazhar, “Demonstration of CAOS Smart Camera Imaging for Color and Super Blue Moon Targets,” OSA Advanced Photonics Congress, paper SeW2E.3, Zurich, July 2-5, 2018.
  28. N. A. Riza and M. A. Mazhar, “111 dB Dynamic Range Laser beam Imaging with the Digital MEMS-based CAOS Smart Camera,” IEEE Optical MEMS Conf. Proc, July, 2018.
  29. N. A. Riza, “Digital MEMS CAOS Camceiver and a User Positioning and IR ID Data Monitoring System for Indoor Optical and RF Wireless Environments,” IEEE Optical MEMS Conf. Proc, July, 2018.
  30. N. A. Riza, “CAOS Camera Technology – Empowering Laser Metrology,” Invited paper, European Optical Society Biennial Meeting, Conference on Frontiers in Optical Metrology, Delft, Netherlands, Oct., 2018.
  31. N. A. Riza and M. A. Mazhar, “The CAOS Camera – Unleashing the Power of Full Spectrum Extreme Linear Dynamic Ranging Imaging,” 1st IEEE British and Irish Conf. on Photonics (BICOP) Proc, Dec.12-14, Royal Society, London, 2018 (Invited Paper).
  32.  N. A. Riza, “The Camceiver: Empowering Robust Agile Indoor Optical Wireless for Massive Data Centres,” in 42nd IEEE International Conference on Telecommunications and Signal Processing (TSP), pp. 445-448, July 2019.
  33. N. A. Riza, “The CAOS Camera – Empowering Full Spectrum Extreme Linear Dynamic Range Imaging,” International Society for Imaging Science and Technology (IS & T) 27th Color and Imaging Conference (CIC) Proc. Abstract, Paris, France, Oct.25, 2019. (Invited).
  34. N. A. Riza and M. A. Mazhar, “Robust Testing of Displays using the Extreme Linear Dynamic Range CAOS Camera,” 2nd IEEE British and Irish Conf. on Photonics (BICOP) Proc, Dec.11-13, IET Society Savoy Place, London, 2019.
  35. N. A. Riza and M. A. Mazhar, “ Robust Low Contrast Image Recovery over 90 dB Scene Linear Dynamic Range using CAOS Camera,” paper in the IS & T 2020 Electronic Imaging Conference Proc., Burlingame, California, USA, Jan.26-30, 2020.
  36. N. A. Riza and N. Ashraf, “Calibration Empowered Minimalistic Multi-Exposure Image Processing Technique for Camera Linear Dynamic Range Extension,” paper in the IS & T Electronic Imaging Conference Proc., Burlingame, California, USA, Jan.26-30, 2020.
  37. N. A. Riza, “Thinking Camera–Powered by the CAOS Camera Platform,” European Optical Society Annual Meeting (EOSAM) Proc., in EPJ Web of Conferences (Vol. 238, p. 06012). EDP Sciences, Portugal (on-line) Sep.1, 2020.
  38. N. A. Riza, N. Ashraf and M. A. Mazhar, “MEMS-based CAOS Smart Camera 177 dB Linear Extreme Dynamic Range Imaging Tests with Calibrated and Controlled Incoherent White Light and Laser Light Targets,” European Optical Society Annual Meeting (EOSAM) Proc., in EPJ Web of Conferences (Vol. 238, p. 12008). EDP Sciences, Portugal (on-line) Sep.1, 2020.
  39. N. A. Riza, N. Ashraf & M. Mazhar, “Optimizing the CMOS Sensor-Mode for Extreme Linear Dynamic Range MEMS-based CAOS Smart Camera Imaging,” European Optical Society Annual Meeting (EOSAM) Proc., in EPJ Web of Conferences (Vol. 238, p. 12007). EDP Sciences, Portugal (on-line) Sep.1, 2020.
  40. N. A. Riza, M. A. Mazhar and N. Ashraf, “Solar Limb Darkening Color Imaging of the Sun with the Extreme Brightness Capability CAOS Camera,” IS & T London Imaging Meeting Conf. paper, London (on-line) Sep.28, 2020.
  41. N. A. Riza, “Smart Optical Beamforming for Next Generation Wireless Empowered Communications, Power Transfer, Sensing and Displays: Building on the Past,” IEEE ISSC Conference Proc. paper, June 9-10, Cork, Ireland, 2022.
  42. N. A. Riza, “Liquids Inspection via Visible to Near Infrared to Short-Wave Infrared Bands Linear High Dynamic Range Capability Smart CAOS Camera,” IEEE ISSC Conference Proc. paper, June 9-10, Cork, Ireland, 2022.
  43. N. A. Riza, “First Demonstration of Silicon Wafer Inspection Capability using Visible to Short-Wave Infrared CAOS Camera,” Optica/OSA Applied Industrial Optics Topical Meeting Conference Proc. paper, July 25-27, Dublin, Ireland, 2022.
  44. N. A. Riza, “Digital MEMS-based Smart CAOS Camera Enabling Image Contrast Detection under Bright Light Interference,” ICO-25 Conference Proc. paper, Sept.5-9, Dresden, Germany, 2022.

Wavelength Coded Imagers and Endoscopes

Journal Publications:

  1. N. A. Riza, M. M. K. Howlader, and N. Madamopoulos, “Photonic security system using spatial codes and remote coded coherent optical communications,” Opt. Eng. 35, 2487–2498, 1996.
  2. Z. Yaqoob, A. A. Rizvi and N. A. Riza, “Free-space wavelength multiplexed optical scanner,” Applied Optics, 40(35), 6425-6438, Dec. 10, 2001.
  3. Z. Yaqoob and N. A. Riza, “Free-Space Wavelength-Multiplexed Optical Scanner Demonstration,” Applied Optics-IP, Vol. 41, Issue 26, Page 5568 , September 2002.
  4. Z. Yaqoob, M. Arain, N. A. Riza, “ Wavelength multiplexed optical scanner using photothermorefractive glasses, Applied Optics-IP, Vol. 42, No. 26, p. 5251, Sept. 2003.
  5. Z. Yaqoob and N. A. Riza, “Eye-safe passive-optics no-moving parts barcode scanners,” IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, Vol.16, No.3, pp.954-956, March 2004.
  6. N. A. Riza, and F. Perez, Agile high sensitivity optical sensor, published U.S. Patent Application No. 10/928,601, filed 2003.  (I-WMOS)

Conference Publications:

  1. N. A. Riza, “High Speed Wide Bandwidth Optical Encryption and Decryption System using Spatial Codes,” IEEE LEOS Annual Meeting Proceedings, OC 7.4, Nov., 1995.
  2. N. A. Riza, “Wavelength Switched Fiber-Optically Controlled Ultrasonic Intracavity Probes,” IEEE LEOS Ann. Mtg. Digest, pp.31-36, Boston, 1996.
  3. N. A. Riza, “Photonically Controlled Ultrasonic Arrays: Scenarios And Systems,” IEEE International Ultrasonics Symp. Digest, pp.1545-1550, San Antonio, 1996.
  4. N. A. Riza and Y. Huang, “High Speed Optical Scanner for Multi-Dimensional Beam Pointing and Acquisition,” IEEE-LEOS Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, Nov. 1999.
  5. N. A. Riza and Z. Yaqoob, “High speed fiber-optic probe for dynamic blood analysis measurements,” Optical Techniques and Instrumentation for the Measurement of Blood Composition, Structure, and Dynamics, Alexander V. Priezzhev, P. Ake Oberg, Editors, Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 4163, European Biomedical Optics Week – EBiOS 2000, paper 4163-11, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, July 2000. (I-WMOS paper)
  6. N. A. Riza and Z. Yaqoob, “Ultra high speed scanner for optical data handling,” LEOS Annual Meeting, Puerto-Rico, USA, November 2000.
  7. N. A. Riza, “MOST: Multiplexed Optical Scanner Technology,” LEOS Annual Meeting, Puerto-Rico, USA, November 2000.
  8. Z. Yaqoob and N. A. Riza, “High-speed scanning probes for internal and external cavity biomedical optics,” OSA Biomedical Topical Meetings, pp. 381-383, Miami, Florida, USA, April 7-10 (2002)
  9. Z. Yaqoob and N. A. Riza, “High-speed scanning wavelength-multiplexed fiber-optic sensors for biomedicine,” The 1st IEEE International Conference on Sensors, IEEE Sensors 2002, Poster paper No. P1.36, June 12-14, 2002, Hyatt Orlando, Kissimmee, Florida USA
  10. Z. Yaqoob and N. A. Riza, “Microseconds Speed Wavelength Multiplexed Optical Scanner,” in IEEE LEOS 15th Annual Meeting, Glasgow, Nov. 2002.
  11. N. A. Riza and Z. Yaqoob, “Potential of near-infrared band optical techniques for lung imaging,” in Biophotonics, Optics in the Southeast, Paper No. SE 06 B2, Orlando, FL, USA, November 12-13 (2003).
  12. N. A. Riza and M. J. Amin, “I-WMOSS: Interferometric Wavelength Multiplexed Optical Scanning Sensor,” International Symposium on Optomechatronic Technologies (ISOT), IEEE, Paris, pp.1-4, Oct. 2012.

Patents in Imaging, Interferometry and Sensing

  1. N. A. Riza, “Scanning heterodyne acousto-optical interferometers,” USA Patent No. 5,694,216, Dec. 2, 1997.
  2. N. A. Riza, “Photonically Controlled Ultrasonic Arrays,” Patent No. 5,718,226, Feb.17, 1998.
  3. N. A. Riza, “Digitally Control Polarization-based Optical Scanner,” US Patent 6,031,658, Feb.29, 2000.
  4. N. A. Riza, “Optoelectronic eye examination system,” USA Patent Application Publication Number 20030210378, November 13, 2003.
  5. N. A. Riza, and F. Perez, Agile high sensitivity optical sensor, published U.S. Patent Application No. 10/928,601, August 2004 (filed 2003).
  6. N. A. Riza, “Digital optical beam profiler,” Patent No. 6,922,233, July 26, 2005.
  7. N. A. Riza and M. J. Mughal, “Digital optical beam profiler,” Patent No. 7,092,079, August 15, 2006.
  8. N. A. Riza, “Multiplexed Optical Scanner Technology,” Patent No. 6,687,036, Feb.3, 2004
  9. N. A. Riza, F. Perez, A. Bokhari, “Agile spectral interferometric microscopy,” Patent No. 7,180,602 B2, Feb. 20, 2007.
  10. N. A. Riza, Methods and systems for realizing high resolution three-dimensional optical imaging, US Patent No. 7,978,346, July 12, 2011.
  11. N. A. Riza, Hybrid optical distance sensor, USA Patent 8,107,056, Jan.31, 2012.
  12. N. A. Riza and F. Perez, Spatially Smart Optical Sensing and Scanning, USA Patent 8,213,022, July 3, 2012.
  13. N. A. Riza and H. Foroosh, Hybrid differential optical sensing imager, USA Patent 8,587,686, Nov.19, 2013.
  14. N. A. Riza, Compressive optical display and imager, USA Patent 8,783,874, July 22, 2014.
  15. N. A. Riza, Coded Access Optical Sensor (CAOS), USA Patent 10,356,392 B2, July 16, 2019.
  16. N. A. Riza, “Smart photonic imaging method and apparatus,” USA Patent 10,721,411 B2, July 21, 2020.
  17. N. A. Riza, Smart Coded Access Optical Sensor (CAOS), USA Patent 11,175,489, Nov.16, 2021.
  18. N. A. Riza, “Agile optical image sensing, control, and measurement modules,” USA Patent Application No.61/258,344, 2009. (Contains DMD-based Young’s Double Slit Interferometer Design)